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The Hellenic (Greek) Republic is situated in southeastern
Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. The republic
includes many islands, the most important of which are Crete and
the Ionian Islands. Greece (including islands) has an area of
50,944 sq. mi. (131,940 sq. km.) and a population of 10.3 million.
Capital: Athens. Greece is still largely agricultural. Tobacco, cotton,
fruit and wool are exported.
Greece, the Mother of Western civilization, attained the peak
of its culture in the 5th century B.C., when it contributed more to
government, drama, art and architecture than any other people
to this time. Greece fell under Roman domination in the 2nd and
1st centuries B.C., becoming part of the Byzantine Empire until
Constantinople fell to the Crusaders in 1202. With the fall of Constantinople
to the Turks in 1453, Greece became part of the Ottoman
Empire. Independence from Turkey was won with the revolution
of 1821-27. In 1833, Greece was established as a
monarchy, with sovereignty guaranteed by Britain, France and
Russia. After a lengthy power struggle between the monarchist
forces and democratic factions, Greece was proclaimed a republic
in 1925. The monarchy was restored in 1935 and reconfirmed
by a plebiscite in 1946. The Italians invaded Greece via Albania
on Oct. 28, 1940 but were driven back well within the Albanian
border. Germany began their invasion in April 1941 and quickly
overran the entire country and drove off a British Expeditionary
force by the end of April. King George II and his new government
went into exile. The German-Italian occupation of Greece lasted
until Oct. 1944 after which only German troops remained until the
end of the occupation. On April 21, 1967, a military junta took control
of the government and suspended the constitution. King Constantine
II made an unsuccessful attempt against the junta in the
fall of 1968 and consequently fled to Italy. The monarchy was formally
abolished by plebiscite, Dec. 8, 1974, and Greece was
established as the Hellenic Republic, the third republic in Greek
history.

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