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1871-1918
Germany, a nation of north-central Europe which from1871
to 1945 was, successively, an empire, a republic and a totalitarian
state, attained its territorial peak as an empire when it comprised
a 208,780 sq. mi. (540,740 sq. km.) homeland and an overseas
colonial empire.
As the power of the Roman Empire waned, several war-like
tribes residing in northern Germany moved south and west, invading
France, Belgium, England, Italy and Spain. In 800 A.D. the
Frankish king Charlemagne, who ruled most of France and Germany,
was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, a loose
federation of an estimated 1,800 German States that lasted until
1806. Modern Germany was formed from the eastern part of
Charlemagne's empire.
After 1812, the German States were reduced to a federation
of 32, of which Prussia was the strongest. In 1871, Prussian chancellor
Otto von Bismarck united the German States into an empire
ruled by William I, the Prussian king. The empire initiated a colonial
endeavor and became one of the world's greatest powers.
Germany disintegrated as a result of World War I.
It was reestablished as the Weimar Republic. The humiliation
of defeat, economic depression, poverty and discontent gave rise
to Adolf Hitler, 1933, who reconstituted Germany as the Third
Reich and after initial diplomatic and military triumphs, expanded
his goals beyond Europe into Africa and USSR which led it into
final disaster in World War II, ending on VE Day, May 7, 1945.
RULERS
Wilhelm II, 1888-1918
MINT MARKS
A – Berlin
D – Munich
E – Muldenhutten (1887-1953)
F – Stuttgart
G – Karlsruhe
J – Hamburg

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